A Growing Level of Financial Engineering and Risk Management Research Paper

A Growing Level of Financial Engineering and Risk Management - Research Paper Example The prestigious hypothesis by Lon Fuller that is titled the â€Å"inner morality† of the Rule of Law obviously specifies that a lawful framework will fall flat if laws introduced inside the framework are dark, and negating. Along these lines, to guarantee that Islamic banking keeps up its novel nature it has been basic to devise a legitimate structure that guarantees productive working of Islamic banking, which is in similarity with Islamic lessons. We can investigate the key components that are contained inside a legitimate system to help the effective working of Islamic banking. Aldohni expressed that under the Islamic financial act, Islamic financial business is depicted as a financial business whose activities and goals just contain components that have been affirmed by the Islamic religion and specifically, the Shariah laws (63-65). Hence, the primary components inside the legitimate system for the productive working of Islamic financial attract their cause to the Islamic religion. The most overwhelming component of the lawful structure for Islamic banking is the denial of the issuance of premiums on all types of exchanges inside Islamic banks. This component inside the lawful structure guarantees the productive working of Islamic banking in a way that complies with Islamic lessons and it helps in separating Islamic banks from the other business banks (Aldohni, 68-71). This differtiation would prompt making sense of to the open the fairness and shirking of Ghara in Islamic banking when contrasted with customary framework regular banking lawful and administrative structure.

The Mojito is a very well-known Cuban drink Free Essays

The Mojito is a very notable Cuban beverage, however this was not generally the situation. There was many years that went before this beverage became what it is today. The elements for this incredible tasting drink are unique and however changed somewhat throughout the years, are as yet similar ones utilized today. We will compose a custom paper test on The Mojito is a very notable Cuban beverage or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now Exclusive that truly added to the foundation of this astounding beverage was Sir Francis Drake. Another renowned name that gave this beverage some ubiquity was the essayist Ernest Hemingway. This well known beverage was found decades prior is despite everything flourishing today. The conventional Mojito comprises of 5 fixings: shimmering water, white rum, mint, lime squeeze, and sugar. The formula initially from the island of Cuba, regularly comprises of spearmint or Yerba Buena, a famous mint on the island. The mint and citrus is utilized so as to lessen the solid kick of the white rum. Because of its sweet taste, the Mojito has become a well known summer drink. When making a Mojito, the mint leaves and sugar are included originally followed by the lime juice. After, the leaves should tenderly be squashed up, yet just enough for the oils to be discharged. The rum is then included and the blend is mixed so as to lift the leaves and the sugar to break up. To wrap things up, the beverage is then beaten with soft drink water and entire ice blocks to give a superior introduction. A few lodgings in Havana, Cuba, add Angostura which assists with cutting the pleasantness the mojito presents. Angostura is a fluid comprised of water and 44. 7 % liquor. An inn visitor in Cuba may have their mojito presented with new lime rather than lemon. This likewise can rely upon the barkeep setting up the beverage. There are different ways the mojito can be made so as to give the beverage an alternate taste. A few people say that this beverage was imagined by the African slaves that worked in the sugar stick fields in Cuba seeing as the name â€Å"Mojito† originates from the African word â€Å"mojo† which intends to put a little spell (http://havanajournal. com/culture/passage/cuban-mojito-history-and-formula/). There are many of these rum-based beverages, yet the first is the most mainstream. In spite of the fact that Cuba is supposed to be the Mojito’s origin, many would discuss something else. The Mojito has been followed to a nineteenth century drink known as â€Å"El Draque†, named after Sir Francis Drake (http://iml. ou. ufl. edu/ventures/fall12/araujo_J/history. html). The Draque was initially made with sugar, lime, mint, and aguardiente. Aguardiente is an unmistakable mixed beverage that appears as though vodka, yet comprises of a higher liquor rate. It is made in Colombia, and means â€Å"sizzling or fire water†. In more established occasions t his beverage was utilized in a restorative manner. They would put the alcohol in a jug with a dead snake and let it set for a while. After some time it was utilized as a scouring liquor for muscle torments. The 1800’s was the defining moment for the mojito. Because of the foundation of Bacardi in the 1800’s, the prominence of the Mojito soar. In 1940 Federick Villoch changed this sweet tropical drink’s name from â€Å"El Draque† to the mojito (http://www1. bacardi. com/#/us/en-us/originalmojito/history). While it was not initially called a Mojito, the fixings utilized in those days are as yet similar ones utilized today. One well known man who especially delighted in this beverage was the author Ernest Hemingway. His adoration for this beverage made him compose â€Å"My Mojito in La Bodeguita† which interprets â€Å"My Daiquiri in the Bodega†. The title of the book originated from the bar La Bodeguita del Medio which Hemingway helped put on the map. In the bar today you can in any case observe his works on the dividers. The bar was opened in 1942 by Angel Martinez. It was built up close to a printing shop which gave the little bar more clients who made a trip for a beverage after business. The bar turned into the new drinking spot and in a matter of seconds the spot was constantly pressed. In 1950, Martinez changed the name from â€Å"La Casa Martinez† to â€Å"La Bodequita del Medio† and has remained as such from that point forward (http://bodeguita. om. ua/? page_id=6218lang=en). The creation of the mojito was not arranged, however it produced a progressive item that is still right up 'til the present time delighted in around the world. The fixings are anything but difficult to track down and the beverage, however careful in detail, is definitely justified even despite the time spent. Numerous individuals h ave added to its prosperity, and because of this achievement the mojito will keep on flourishing. This gives only a little insight that this very much made beverage will keep on having accomplishment for a long time to come. Works Cited http://bodeguita.com.ua/?page_id=6218lang=en. (n.d.). http://havanajournal.com/culture/passage/cuban-mojito-history-and-formula/. (n.d.). http://iml.jou.ufl.edu/ventures/fall12/araujo_J/history.html. (n.d.). http://www1.bacardi.com/#/us/en-us/originalmojito/history. (n.d.). The most effective method to refer to The Mojito is a very notable Cuban beverage, Papers

The Power of Media Book Review - 550 Words

The Power of Media (Book Review Sample) Content: Name:Instructorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s name:Course:Date:The Power of MediaPrivacy is that state of being free from being disturbed by people. People can be easily debilitated if there is no restriction of personal information. The media has a high degree of influence with respect to shaping the thoughts of people. The novel, 1984 written by George Orwell explains clearly the astute perception about the society and politics. It explains the loss of critical thinking faculty in individuals and also the less capacity for self expression. The battle for self expression is difficult and also challenging and it is a representative of a society where the media is an instrument of misunderstanding, hate and also misinformation.In the novel, the hierarchical system depicted as Big Brother and the party controls and represses everything and everyone. Its mandate is to take total control on peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s privacy and their thoughts by the use of cameras and microphones which are locate d on every corner of the city. They punish anybody who thinks differently or questions them on their role. The relationship of two protagonists, Winston Smith and Julia are a threat to Oà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Brian, an antagonist who ultimately breaks their relationship. The main reason for this is because of their rebellion towards Big brother and the Party. Oceania is typically a totalitarian state controlled by Big brother.In the 1984 movie, an abuse of privacy and information is evidently seen by the citizens of Oceania being bombarded with so much propaganda from the authorities by the use of telescreens. Winson, however, had to put up with the lectures of Big brother through the telescreens (Hall, 6). Those who had committed crimes in the 1984 movie face direct assassination by use of predator drones and in this case there is no legal process and no oversight. In the novel, the miscreants had to be brainwashed and tortured but not murdered. In 1984, higher level of thinking by individual s was eventually destroyed by the state and the citizens had to believe everything that was presented to them. The word "bellyfeel" used by Orwell best explained the ordeal of having blind faith in accepting everything and hence having no room for critical thinking.Americans are now living in a society which seems to be more draconian than the life in the 1984 novel. They are facing greater abuse and also a high tech surveillance than any other that Winston Smith had ever faced. All the utterances made by the citizens in America are publicly listened to by Big Brother by the use of surveillance. In addition, there are street lights that have been installed in cities in the country and these can record conversations that are private. America is currently more advanced than Orwellà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s Oceanic because in these recent times, helicopters are not necessarily used in spying as there are unmanned drones, which do not only act as surveillance devices, but also have teasers which can easily pass an electric shock to any criminals dimmed as suspicious.The Homeland security in America has come up with the "See something, Say something" notion which mainly entails the American citizens being watched at all levels, in hotel rooms, in Wall-Mart and in football games. Schools in The USA are also training their children of all ages to be "eco-spiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , and this report the bad recycling habits of their parents. Moreover, illiteracy rates are on the rise in many US states. The citizens are dumbed down by a decaying culture that celebrates its stupidity and also systems of public schools in terminal decline.Just like the Oceanic citizens who were faced with a lot of propaganda from the state through telescreens, in America, its citizens are faced with the onslaught of alerts from the gover... The Power of Media Book Review - 550 Words The Power of Media (Book Review Sample) Content: Name:Instructorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s name:Course:Date:The Power of MediaPrivacy is that state of being free from being disturbed by people. People can be easily debilitated if there is no restriction of personal information. The media has a high degree of influence with respect to shaping the thoughts of people. The novel, 1984 written by George Orwell explains clearly the astute perception about the society and politics. It explains the loss of critical thinking faculty in individuals and also the less capacity for self expression. The battle for self expression is difficult and also challenging and it is a representative of a society where the media is an instrument of misunderstanding, hate and also misinformation.In the novel, the hierarchical system depicted as Big Brother and the party controls and represses everything and everyone. Its mandate is to take total control on peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s privacy and their thoughts by the use of cameras and microphones which are locate d on every corner of the city. They punish anybody who thinks differently or questions them on their role. The relationship of two protagonists, Winston Smith and Julia are a threat to Oà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Brian, an antagonist who ultimately breaks their relationship. The main reason for this is because of their rebellion towards Big brother and the Party. Oceania is typically a totalitarian state controlled by Big brother.In the 1984 movie, an abuse of privacy and information is evidently seen by the citizens of Oceania being bombarded with so much propaganda from the authorities by the use of telescreens. Winson, however, had to put up with the lectures of Big brother through the telescreens (Hall, 6). Those who had committed crimes in the 1984 movie face direct assassination by use of predator drones and in this case there is no legal process and no oversight. In the novel, the miscreants had to be brainwashed and tortured but not murdered. In 1984, higher level of thinking by individual s was eventually destroyed by the state and the citizens had to believe everything that was presented to them. The word "bellyfeel" used by Orwell best explained the ordeal of having blind faith in accepting everything and hence having no room for critical thinking.Americans are now living in a society which seems to be more draconian than the life in the 1984 novel. They are facing greater abuse and also a high tech surveillance than any other that Winston Smith had ever faced. All the utterances made by the citizens in America are publicly listened to by Big Brother by the use of surveillance. In addition, there are street lights that have been installed in cities in the country and these can record conversations that are private. America is currently more advanced than Orwellà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s Oceanic because in these recent times, helicopters are not necessarily used in spying as there are unmanned drones, which do not only act as surveillance devices, but also have teasers which can easily pass an electric shock to any criminals dimmed as suspicious.The Homeland security in America has come up with the "See something, Say something" notion which mainly entails the American citizens being watched at all levels, in hotel rooms, in Wall-Mart and in football games. Schools in The USA are also training their children of all ages to be "eco-spiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , and this report the bad recycling habits of their parents. Moreover, illiteracy rates are on the rise in many US states. The citizens are dumbed down by a decaying culture that celebrates its stupidity and also systems of public schools in terminal decline.Just like the Oceanic citizens who were faced with a lot of propaganda from the state through telescreens, in America, its citizens are faced with the onslaught of alerts from the gover...

Summary Of The Declaration Of Independence By Daniel...

Inalienable Right to Choice in Life John Stuart Mills, a 19th century utilitarian, formulated an argument that helped to explain the idea of the inalienable right to liberty written about in the Declaration of Independence. Daniel Callahan reformulated this argument making it into an explanation of the inalienable right to life rather than liberty, using the same idea in the premises. Callahan’s argument concludes that the right to life and the right to commit suicide are not compatible, therefore euthanasia is not permissible without the right to suicide. However, I believe that this is not the case and in this paper my goal is to prove that because of misunderstood terminology, the right to life and the right to choose death are, in fact, completely compatible. To understand my objection in this paper, both Callahan’s and Mill’s argument must be completely understood. According to Callahan, his reformulated argument begins with the premise that people have the inalienable right to life. This correlates with Mill’s first premise that people have the inalienable right to liberty. For the sake of the argument, Callahan then throws in the possibility that people have the right to suicide. For people to be able to have the right to suicide, then they must be able to surrender their right to life, but Callahan compares this to Mill’s argument about people trying to surrender their right to freedom. Mill’s claims that for someone to be able to give up or transfer theirShow MoreRelatedDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesWhat Are Management Skills? 9 Improving Management Skills 12 An Approach to Skill Development 13 Leadership and Management 16 Contents of the Book 18 Organization of the Boo k 19 Practice and Application 21 Diversity and Individual Differences 21 Summary 23 SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL 24 Diagnostic Survey and Exercises 24 Personal Assessment of Management Skills (PAMS) 24 What Does It Take to Be an Effective Manager? 28 SSS Software In-Basket Exercise 30 SCORING KEY AND COMPARISON DATA 42 Personal Assessment

Racial Injustice in A Raisin in the Sun, by Lorraine...

I have a dream that one day little black boys and girls will be holding hands with little white boys and girls. by Martin Luther King Jr, the dream that is still unfulfilled. White supremacy, black inferiority, Jim Crow law, segregation, racial terror, and racial inequality are the most common topics of American history. The quote of Martin Luther King Jr asserts the truth that racial injustice was in the vein of the American dream. He hopes someday that injustice, the view that African Americans are inferior will go away, and they will be treated equally like a full human being. The theme of racial injustice is prevalent in both â€Å"A Raisin in the Sun† by Lorraine Hansberry and â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† by James Baldwin stories. Both of the stories†¦show more content†¦Later in the story, another bomb attack reported in the paper which was much closer to home: a racially motivated attack against a black family integrating a white neighborhood. That event was announced by the Younger’s neighbor Mrs. Jonson, when they were ready to move to the all Whites Clybourne Park. Example scenarios from the above certainly provide the evidence of racial terrorism, and its fear among the Black community. In contrast â€Å"Sonny’s Blues†, talks about the fear of direct physical harm. Narrator’s mother described that in a moonlit night some dunk white folks killed his uncle in front of his father which is a horrific act of racism. However, mama says, â€Å"I ain’t telling you to make you scared of bitter or to make you hate nobody. I’m telling you this because you got a brother. And the world ain’t changed† (346). Comment of the narrator’s mother clearly shows the view point of the African American people of that time to their American dream, and how they were living in fear of physical harm. Jim Crow law legalized the segregation between the blacks and whites thought out the USA in the 19th century, and that led to the discrimination such as housing inequality and neglected segregated black community. That law allowed the whites to discriminate black people from the equal opportunity of housing and prohibit blacks from living in

Corporate Law The Partnership Structure

Question: Describe about the Corporate Law for The Partnership Structure. Answer: Part A 1(a): Aysha and Dilara currently operating the partnership structure for their winery which named as Ankita. We can say this because partnership is formed when two or more persons agree to carry the business with a view to earn profit. In this partners agree to share the profit and loss mutually. Following are the important aspects of partnership: In partnership there must be an agreement between the partners, which contain all the terms and conditions of the partnership which is mutually agreed by the partners. In partnership partners share profit and loss mutually. In partnership partner share agent principle relationship with each other, as all the partners are agents of the firm as well as of other partners. In partnership there is no need to use the word limited, in this case name of the firm is just Ankita. There is no need of minimum capital in the partnership. In this form of business structure there is no separate legal entity of the firm, and partners have unlimited liability[1]. So it is clear after considering the above aspects of partnership that Aysha and Dilara are operating partnership because they both are sharing their profits equally, and in the name of the winery no limited word is used. Therefore, we can say that Aysha and Dilara are operating partnership form of structure[2]. (b) Aysha and Dilara decided to sell part of their business to Mr. Polat for arranging the working capital for their business. After considering the facts of the case, we can say that partnership is not the correct form of business if Aysha and Dilara decided to sell the part of the business. For Aysha and Dilara the appropriate business structure which supports their decision is company. Company is a separate legal entity, which require higher set up and administration cost because there are number of legal formalities to form a company. In Australia, companies are registered and regulated by ASIC. Company is a form of organization which is run by its directors, and owned by the shareholders of the company. In this form of structure shareholders of the company have limited liability, and except in some cases they are not liable for the debts of the company[3]. All the profits and losses of the company, and also all the assets and liabilities of the company are owned by company separately from its shareholders. Company has power to sue and sued by others, and company can buy and purchase property on its own name. It is necessary that company must have at least one director or shareholder to start the company. Directors of the company can also be the shareholders of the company, and it is must that they must be of age 18. Any person who is insolvent and convicted in an offence which is related to company cannot form company. Following are the advantages of the company: Shareholders of the company have limited liabilities. Ownership or part of the company can be easily transferred by selling shares of the company. Shareholders of the company can be employed by the company. Tax rates are lenient. It is easy to access capital in this form of business[4]. As we mention above, it is easy in case of the company to transfer the ownership of the company by transfer the shares. In three situations a person can transfer or sell the part of its business to another person: To expand the business: Idea of selling a part of the business to get some cash inflow in the business is good. Such cash inflow will help in expanding the business. Company can access those resources which create value: through the proceedings of sale company can access those resources which create value for the business. Reduction of risk: by selling the part of the business a person can reduce the risk, and get better resources to manage the risk[5]. In this case, both the partners can transfer the ownership of Ankita by transfer the shares of the company, which is beneficial for them. 2: In this case it is clear that Leo is the shareholder of the Thomas The Tank Engine Pty Ltd and holds two shares of the company for $500,000. In this case, Ruby and Amanda are the two executive directors of the company, and they are also the shareholders of the company. This year both the executive directors have decided that they are not paying the dividend for this year, and they both voted themselves a large pay rise in their salary and bonus also. They also lease two luxury cars for their exclusive use. Leo asked questions about the dividend policy and also raise objection on the lease of the cars. It must be noted that payment of dividend are the right of directors and directors are not obliged to declare and pay the dividend to the shareholders of the company. Directors are authorize to decide whether or not to pay the dividend, and for this purpose approval of shareholders are not required. But it must be noted that f directors declare the dividend it is necessary that they declare equal dividend for particular class of shares. Directors cannot pay higher value of dividend to some shares in same class, and lower value of shares in other class. In this case, Leo cannot raise objection on the decision of dividend against the directors, but he can raise objection for the unethical acts of directors[6]. It must be noted that as per section 254T, company cannot pay dividend unless it clear solvency test[7]. Following are the rights of the shareholders in company against the directors of the company, shareholders can claim against the directors of the company if they found that directors are breaching their duties towards the company. If members found that directors are breaching their duties, and make personal profit from their position then they can access to the court. There is an obligation on the directors of the company that they act in the interest of the company and its members. Shareholder can sue the company and its directors for their wrongful act. Shareholders can also seek injunction against the acts of the director which are in the nature which cause harm to company or shareholders. Shareholders can also rescind the contract in which directors has undisclosed interest. In general shareholders have following rights: Shareholders can challenge the resolution passed in a general meeting of the company if that resolution was against the interest of members of the company. any resolution passed by the directors and approved by members in general meeting can be questioned by the directors of the company. Shareholders can challenge the decision of directors, but could not question the validity of the decision. Shareholders can apply to the court for relief in case when companys affairs are not in the interest of the members, because of the resolution passed by the directors of the company. No minimum shareholding is required for seeking the relief in the court, its just that shareholder must have at least one share. Shareholders can also convene resolution in general meeting for removing the directors if shareholders think that directors are not acting in the interest of the shareholders[8]. In this case Leo can file application against the resolution passed by directors. Leo can question the rise in pay scale of the directors, and also question the purchase of luxury cars for the company, which are for the exclusive use of directors of the company. 3: directors duties ensure the good governance, and designed to ensure that directors are acting in the interest of the company. Section 198A of the Corporation Act 2001 states the powers of directors. The companys business is managed by the directors of the company by giving directions[9]. This power comes along with some responsibilities and duties. These duties are imposed on directors by the Corporation Act 2001. One of the most important duties of director is act with due care and diligence. This duty is imposed on directors by the common law, and equity terms. Section 180 of the Corporation Act 2001 states that any director or officer of the company must exercise their power and discharge their duties with due care and diligence that a person would exercise in the capacity of director or officer of the company. This section also covers the duty of care and diligence which are described in the common law and considered as general duties of directors[10]. It must be noted that on contravenes of this section civil penalty provisions are applied which are specified in section 1317E. Section 180(2) states the business management rule, according to this rule if any director of the company make any decision then it is necessary that they follow the requirements of section 180(1), common law duties and general considerations. Duty of care and diligence: it is the duty of director that they are informed about the companys financial position, including the information about the solvency of the company. Directors cannot delegate this duty by delegating the responsibility to any other officer or employee of the company. Directors cannot save themselves by the penal provisions in case of ignorance of companys affairs, especially in case when ignorance is on their own part. Directors of the company are liable towards the company, and also towards the members of the company. It is their duty that they act in the best interest of the company. Any negligence from the directors side in analyzing the financial statements of the company, and take decision which is not informed will result in great loss to the company. It is important for directors that they ask questions on the financial statements of the company if they think that financial statements are not correct. It is necessary that they analyze the financial statements of the company on their own, and just did not accept the financial statements which are prepared by the employees of the company. We can understand this with the help of the example, if director gets a balance which is not matching with the casual status of the company then it is the breach of the duty if director would not ask questions on that balance sheet. It is necessary that directors of the company make independent and informed decision regarding the affairs of the company. Directors guide the management of the company; therefore it is necessary that directors of the company are properly informed about the decision[11]. Directors can delegate number of responsibilities to another person, for example accounts preparation, and other matters which are related to day to d ay management of the company. In case of care and diligence duty, directors are expected that they take active interest in the financial affairs of the company, and just do not rely on the employees of the company. Directors of the company cannot delegate the responsibility of financial affairs of the company to any other person. It is necessary that they make judgment in accordance of good faith, directors must not have any personal interest in the decision, decision is informed and taken after analyzing the complete facts, and in last directors must believe that decision is in the best interest of company[12]. Any breach of this duty will attract provisions of civil penalty, and directors are penalized under the civil liability. Directors are penalized up to $ 200000 for the breach of section 180 of the Corporation Act 2001[13]. We can understand this with the help of the case law, Australian Securities and Investment Commission (ASIC) v Cassimatis. In this case the Federal Court of Australia determines the duty of care and diligence of directors which are defined under section 180(1) of the Corporation Act 2001. In this case court found that directors of the company breached their duties as directors, because in normal cases directors of the company are informed and aware that company breaches the provisions of corporation act. Court also applied test in this case to find whether or not director take reasonable care and diligence in exercising his power. Court held that application of this section is depend on the circumstances in which foreseeable risk is analyzed. It also includes the directors conduct at that time and effect of the decision of directors on the company[14]. In this case, it is found that directors of the company do not analyze the balance sheet of the company, and make wrong decision of investing more. In this case it is clear that directors of the company breach the section 180 of the Corporation Act 2001, because directors of the company that is Erol who failed to tell the directors about the loss and Vanessa failed to ask any questions about the financial statements, and Kurt as mentioned was absent from the meeting. In the present case, Erol, Vanessa and Kurt breach their duties on the position of directors. Directors of the company can be held liable for the breach of their duties under section 180 of the Corporation Act 2001. Therefore, directors of TACH Ltd are penalized under the provisions of civil liability. Part B Introduction: Auditors prepare accounts generally for its client, but some other parties are also relying on the accounts prepared by the auditors such as creditors and investors. Auditor owns a duty of care under tort and liability under contract towards its client, but towards the third party it only owns duty of care under tort. In this essay, we are discussing the concept that auditor is liable only towards its client only not towards third party. Auditors liability: It is clear that auditors are liable towards their clients only, but the issue related to liability of auditor towards the third party are discussing now a days at a high level. This issue was raised because not only clients but the third parties such as investors and creditors are also taken their decision on the report of the auditors. In recent years, there are global economic crises which collapse number of corporate around the world. These economic crises generate claims by third parties towards the auditors. Time is really uncertain for auditors from last few years because of the claims against auditors such as claims against KPMG and Ernst Young. The new provisions of company law limit the liability of auditors towards the third parties, which results in reduction of number of claims which are against the audit firms. This step is necessary because it is unfair to hold the auditors accountable for the accounts of the company. Directors of the company prepare the accounts of the company, and auditors only verify those accounts, and it is not possible in practical sense that auditors check and cross verify every single transaction. It must be noted that auditors are watchdogs but only for their clients, and not of creditors and investors of the company. we can understand this with the help of the case law that is Hercules Managements Ltd. v. Ernst Young, [1997] 2 S.C.R. 165 (Hercules Managements). In this case, shareholders claim against the auditors of the company, because of the negligence in audit report on which they relied. In this case, court applied two stages test to consider whether or not auditors owned duty of care towards the employees[15]. At first stag court consider whether any relationship is exist between plaintiff and auditors, which prove that plaintiff is relied on the work of the auditor, and court, found that yes relationship, exist between the shareholders and auditors because of which auditor owned duty of care towards shareholder. Under the second stage of the test court consider the policy of spectre of indeterminate liability, in this court held that plaintiff owns duty of care only in two situations towards the third party: Shareholder is known to the auditors, and he is the member of limited class of plaintiff known to the auditors. Shareholder relied exclusively on that statement, which was made by auditor[16]. In last we conclude that auditor should not hold liable exclusively towards the third parties, and it is necessary that auditors liability must be limited. Conclusion: In this essay we deal with the issue whether or not auditor should be held liable towards the third party, and in this essay we conclude that auditor owns duty of care towards the third party but only in some limited situations which are described in essay.

Shutter Island Scene Reviews and Diagnosis Essay Example

Shutter Island Scene Reviews and Diagnosis Essay Psychological disorder: Grandiose and Persecutory Delusional Disorder Movie title: Shutter Island Movie rating: 3. 5/5 Character name: Teddy Daniels (Aka. Andrew Laeddis) Actor’s name: Leonardo DiCaprio Andrew Laeddis’ wife went insane and drowned their children, so he murdered her. He feels guilty about neglecting to get his wife help, which could have saved their children, and guilty about killing her as well; the two of these add up heavily on his conscience, so much so that he creates an alternate personality (Teddy Daniels) to get away from the terrible reality that is his life. I will refer to him as Teddy throughout my character diagnosis. Scene one: Teddy experiences a nightmare about his wife. The fire symbolizes not only how she first tried to commit suicide, but also the death of his sanity. The nightmare begins with his wife scolding him about his drinking problem, which is a repressed regret that only comes out in his dreams where he is vulnerable. She says she never left, and she walks to the window where you can see the lake; the one where she drowned her children and was murdered (by Teddy) at. She tells him he needs to wake up, but she really means he needs to see reality, she says she’s not really there, and that he needs to face that. She says â€Å"Laeddis† is still there, which is who he was before he invented the Teddy persona to avoid feeling the guilt, since he would inevitably blame himself for their deaths. We will write a custom essay sample on Shutter Island Scene Reviews and Diagnosis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Shutter Island Scene Reviews and Diagnosis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Shutter Island Scene Reviews and Diagnosis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Scene two: Teddy has a flashback about his traumatic experience in Germany during World War II. He has post-traumatic stress disorder from his time spent there and his repressed memories span from killing guards to seeing thousands of innocent people turn to frozen corpses. He has guilt, shame and self-hatred induced psychosis from his involvement in the war. He sees his nurse (he replaces the image of his wife with the image of his nurse because it’s easier to handle) and his deceased daughter, she is a symbol of his guilt for neglecting his wife’s mental problems. If he had have done something about his wife, his children would not have died. Scene three: Again Teddy replaces his wife with his nurse to avoid further pain and she asks him to help her. He picks up his daughter and she once again is a symbol of guilt as she asks him why he didn’t save her. He said it was too late by the time he got there, meaning physically to the scene where his children were murdered as well as meaning that he was too late in getting help for his wife who was visibly losing touch with reality. Scene four: Teddy talks to his old friend, who he remembers, but he does not understand still that he was a patient at Shutter Island along with his friend. He does not remember beating up his friend, even when his friend says he looks so bad because of him. Teddy stays stuck in his other personality, which is a common trait of borderline personality disorder. When he is in one identity, he shows a complete amnesia for his other identity. He created a fictional life for himself, with fictional characters to go along with the story. He tells himself his wife died in a fire, when he really murdered her. He blames â€Å"Andrew Laeddis† (who is himself) for being the one who lit the match that killed his wife, which is a metaphor for him being at fault for her death, and the children’s deaths. He is in a constant search for Andrew Laeddis, saying he’s the secret patient at Shutter Island, and his imagined wife tells him to kill Andrew. He wants so badly to get rid of his past self, because he would rather live without feeling the guilt. His friend says he can’t deal with the truth and kill his old self at the same time, he makes the point that he’s fighting against himself. When his friend mentions his deceased wife, and repeats saying â€Å"let her go†, Teddy hallucinates that she is present in the room. His friend knows he’s seeing her, and is clearly distressed, he knows his delusions will be the death of him. He snaps out of his alternate personality for a moment and says that he can’t let her go. Knowing that Teddy was and still is technically a patient of Shutter Island, he warns that Teddy will never leave the island.

DNA Definition and Structure

DNA Definition and Structure DNA is the acronym for deoxyribonucleic acid, usually 2-deoxy-5-ribonucleic acid. DNA is a molecular code used within cells to form proteins. DNA is considered a genetic blueprint for an organism because every cell in the body that contains DNA has these instructions, which enable the organism to grow, repair itself, and reproduce. DNA Structure A single DNA molecule is shaped as a double helix made up of two strands of nucleotides that are bonded together. Each nucleotide consists of a nitrogen base, a sugar (ribose), and a phosphate group. The same 4 nitrogen bases are used as the genetic code for every strand of DNA, no matter which organism it comes from. The bases and their symbols are  adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C). The bases on each strand of DNA are complementary to each other. Adenine always binds to thymine; guanine always binds to cytosine. These bases meet each other at the core of the DNA helix. The backbone of each strand is made of the deoxyribose and phosphate group of each nucleotide. The number 5 carbon of the ribose is covalently bonded to the phosphate group of the nucleotide. The phosphate group of one nucleotide binds to the number 3 carbon of the ribose of the next nucleotide. Hydrogen bonds stabilize the helix shape. The order of the nitrogenous bases has meaning, coding for amino acids that are joined together to make proteins. DNA is used as a template to make RNA through a process called transcription. The RNA uses molecular machinery called ribosomes, which use the code to make the amino acids and join them to make polypeptides and proteins. The process of making proteins from the RNA template is called translation. Discovery of DNA The  German biochemist Frederich Miescher first observed DNA in 1869, but he did not understand the function of the molecule. In 1953,  James Watson, Francis Crick, Maurice Wilkins, and Rosalind Franklin described the structure of DNA and proposed how the molecule could code for heredity. While  Watson, Crick, and Wilkins received the 1962 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material, Franklins contribution was neglected by the Nobel Prize committee. Importance of Knowing the Genetic Code In the modern era, its possible to sequence the entire genetic code for an organism. One consequence is that differences in DNA between healthy and sick individuals can help identify a genetic basis for some diseases. Genetic testing can help identify whether a person is at risk for these diseases, while gene therapy can correct certain problems in the genetic code. Comparing the genetic code of different species helps us understand the role of genes and allows us to trace the evolution and relationships between species

Health communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Health communication - Essay Example However, this happens only when the interaction between people who are healthy and people who are not healthy is positive, productive and mature. Communication is the only means through which the health problems can be solved with positive results. Our ideas of health care are influenced by our upbringing, grandma remedies, advertisers and media programs ( Athena du Pre, 2004, p3) . Every person is different in different ways. The cultural background and behavior pattern matters a lot in any communication. So the way you communicate with one person cannot work with the other person as he is not the same. Communication pattern changes and depends on all the parties involved in communication. (Athena du Pre, 2004, p4). Health is not just the physical aspect of our body. It means having a harmonious and peaceful balance of work, mind, relationships and life. Hence communication becomes a vital part of any health related treatment. Lena is girl who has come from the ethnic background Southeast Asia. She has been raised according to the cultural traditions of her native land even after staying in the United States for approximately ten years. One day, after Lena suddenly fainted in class, she was taken to hospital by her best friend Susie. Lena was upset to find herself in the emergency room with her best friend Susie sitting by her side. She yelled at Susie for bringing her there, exclaiming, â€Å"I’m not weak! I can get better on my own! You know this, Susie!† As she began to get out of bed, Susie notified a medical assistant, who came in and restrained Lena, saying, â€Å"Listen girl, I don’t have time to deal with this today! You need to stay here, you are sick!† Immediately after, the doctor

Management and Culture of McDonald's and KFC Assignment

Management and Culture of McDonald's and KFC - Assignment Example The internationalization, for instance, has become a major source for growth and survival of a family business (Kontinen and Ojala, 2010). Internationalization of business is also associated with the international expansion of industry (Leontiades, 1987). In this view, it is important to consider that internationalization of business today covers not just the broad context of the expansion of a nation, but the integral part of it involves the expansion of single or even personal businesses as well.The skills required for international management includes self and cultural awareness and the right interpersonal and communication in managing between national cultures. (Parker, 2005). The good thing about internationalization of business is the thought that a certain business may be able to expand and diversify its activities across different countries. In contrast to internationalization, globalisation tries to look at the world as without border and nationless (Parker, 2005). This mean s that every nationality is integrated and each nation is dependent or relying on each other. This great reliance brings forward the idea or concept that the various cultures in the world can be combined together. Thus, the entire world would be bringing one single culture. However, this concern is just among of the most considered issues in the case of globalization. In the midst of globalization, the issue about whether its entire activity has remarkably been applied remains to be discovered especially in cases of international companies trying to expand into other nationalities or culture. It is also important to find out which of the principles between internationalization and globalization are remarkably currently put into practice. Many companies are claiming the benefits of globalization. However, it is also important to consider what specific principles they are using between internationalization and globalization. Hofstede’s theory of culture Hofstede’s theory of culture is about ideas on people’s behavior and attitude (Callahan et al., 2007).  

Economics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Economics - Assignment Example However, these appreciations were very minimal, but the depreciation against the Peso was substantial. Part (d) On a broader scale, depreciation in the US Dollar will make its exports appear cheaper as the country trading with the USA can get more dollars for their respective currency in 2003 as compared to 2002. On the split side, the USA importers will have to pay more dollars to obtain the required Foreign Exchange for their imports, and hence imports will become more costly. In a nut shell, the exports will get a boost and the imports will be hindered by a depreciating US Dollar. However, if we look on an individual scale, the Yen, Yuan and Canadian dollar all depreciated against the US Dollar, and hence USA’s export to these countries might marginally reduce and imports may marginally rise. In Mexico’s case, exports will strongly boost and imports will decline. Problem 2 Part (a) There are two ways an investor can take advantage of this arbitrage. In the first alte rnative, he can buy Euros in the New York FX Market at a rate of $1.25/Euro and then sell these Euros in the Tokyo FX Market at a rate of $1.27/Euro to make a clean spread of 2 cents on each Euro he sells.

Whos The Boss? Essay -- essays research papers fc

Who’s The Boss?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A typical relationship between an employee and an employer exists on the acknowledgment of who is in charge; an employee must accept the employer as an authority. A worker should address the employer with a certain amount of respect and professionalism. An employer should have control of their employees and make it clear that they are the boss.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In David Mamet’s play Glengarry Glen Ross, however the relationship between the employees and the employer is extremely atypical. There is no correlation to what is believed to be the norm. The language Mamet uses in the play makes the peculiar relationship believable. The arguing and resentment can be felt be the reader. The employees in this particular office have â€Å"forgotten† who the boss is; they do not speak to him with any respect or dignity. The employer accepts the way he is treated and does not stand his ground; he allows his employees to walk all over him. This office is not the kind of work place where the boss has the last word; there are numerous times throughout the play where the boss and his employees actually fight. The relationship between one of the employees, Shelly Levene, and his employer, John Williamson, reflects this abnormal relationship. Williamson is the boss, or manager of this particular branch of a real estate company, he does however have two bosses, Mitch and Murray. The play begins with Williamson making an announcement regarding the jobs of all of the employees in the office. There is a contest beginning to see who could close the most deals. Whoever won would win a car and whoever lost would be fired. In the following conversation between Williamson and Levene, the two are discussing whom the good leads are going to. Levene has told Williamson that without the good leads he will not be able to close, in which case, he will be fired. Williamson has said that he has to give the leads to the closers and that Levene has not been a closer. I pick up the conversation after many pages of arguments, Williamson agreeing to Shelly’s bribe and right when Shelly is asking for two l eads.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"WILLIAMSON. I’m not sure I have two.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  LEVENE. I saw the board. You’ve got four†¦   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  WILLIAMSON. I’ve got Roma. Then I’ve got Moss†¦ LEVENE. Bullshit. Th... ...n’t agree with this and believes that it is Williamson giving the orders and that if Williamson were to call up Mitch or Murray they would tell him to follow whatever Levene says. Williamson is a timid man. He does not like confrontation. Whenever Shelly or anyone began to yell at him he would just walk away. Shelly is an older and somewhat outspoken man; he knows that Williamson is timid and therefore talks the way he does to him. Shelly is feeling the pressure of the younger men taking his role as the best. All of the stress and pressure in the office causes everyone to be on edge. I think that Williamson is a bit more understanding because he realizes that Shelly’s job is being threatened. All of these pressures and feelings cause Williamson and Levene to resent each other. The language used by Mamet to portray all of this really makes the reader feel the stress and tension in the office. The reader can hear the arguing and disagreeing. The extreme language helps the reader understand the lack of control in the office as well as the atypical behavior between an employee and employer. Works Cited 1. Mamet, David. Glengarry Glen Ross. New York: Samuel French, Inc., 1982. Whos The Boss? Essay -- essays research papers fc Who’s The Boss?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A typical relationship between an employee and an employer exists on the acknowledgment of who is in charge; an employee must accept the employer as an authority. A worker should address the employer with a certain amount of respect and professionalism. An employer should have control of their employees and make it clear that they are the boss.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In David Mamet’s play Glengarry Glen Ross, however the relationship between the employees and the employer is extremely atypical. There is no correlation to what is believed to be the norm. The language Mamet uses in the play makes the peculiar relationship believable. The arguing and resentment can be felt be the reader. The employees in this particular office have â€Å"forgotten† who the boss is; they do not speak to him with any respect or dignity. The employer accepts the way he is treated and does not stand his ground; he allows his employees to walk all over him. This office is not the kind of work place where the boss has the last word; there are numerous times throughout the play where the boss and his employees actually fight. The relationship between one of the employees, Shelly Levene, and his employer, John Williamson, reflects this abnormal relationship. Williamson is the boss, or manager of this particular branch of a real estate company, he does however have two bosses, Mitch and Murray. The play begins with Williamson making an announcement regarding the jobs of all of the employees in the office. There is a contest beginning to see who could close the most deals. Whoever won would win a car and whoever lost would be fired. In the following conversation between Williamson and Levene, the two are discussing whom the good leads are going to. Levene has told Williamson that without the good leads he will not be able to close, in which case, he will be fired. Williamson has said that he has to give the leads to the closers and that Levene has not been a closer. I pick up the conversation after many pages of arguments, Williamson agreeing to Shelly’s bribe and right when Shelly is asking for two l eads.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"WILLIAMSON. I’m not sure I have two.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  LEVENE. I saw the board. You’ve got four†¦   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  WILLIAMSON. I’ve got Roma. Then I’ve got Moss†¦ LEVENE. Bullshit. Th... ...n’t agree with this and believes that it is Williamson giving the orders and that if Williamson were to call up Mitch or Murray they would tell him to follow whatever Levene says. Williamson is a timid man. He does not like confrontation. Whenever Shelly or anyone began to yell at him he would just walk away. Shelly is an older and somewhat outspoken man; he knows that Williamson is timid and therefore talks the way he does to him. Shelly is feeling the pressure of the younger men taking his role as the best. All of the stress and pressure in the office causes everyone to be on edge. I think that Williamson is a bit more understanding because he realizes that Shelly’s job is being threatened. All of these pressures and feelings cause Williamson and Levene to resent each other. The language used by Mamet to portray all of this really makes the reader feel the stress and tension in the office. The reader can hear the arguing and disagreeing. The extreme language helps the reader understand the lack of control in the office as well as the atypical behavior between an employee and employer. Works Cited 1. Mamet, David. Glengarry Glen Ross. New York: Samuel French, Inc., 1982.

Islam vs. Christianity Essay

Christianity and Islam have many similarities and can easily be compared to one another. Both trace their roots to Abraham. Both believe in prophecy, God’s messengers (apostles), revelation, scripture, the resurrection of dead, and the centrality of religious community. This last element is especially important. Both Christianity and Islam have a communitarian dimension: what the church is to Christianity the â€Å"umma† is to Islam. Despite these significant similarities, however, these two world religions have a number of significant differences as well. I will discuss 3 topics and go into detail about their moral teachings, roles and responsibilities (duties) and social justice issues, I will also be discussing their similarities and differences. The prophet Muhammad said: â€Å"I have been sent to perfect the morals†. The Quran is the criterion (furqan). Anything that contradicts the Quran is not from Islam. When it comes something like divorce in the Islam r eligion the bible says {2:231} And when you divorce women and they reach their prescribed time, then either retain them in good fellowship or set them free with liberality, and do not retain them for injury, so that you exceed the limits, and whoever does this, he indeed is unjust to his own soul;†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ this means that God encourages the husband and wife to appoint arbitrators as the first step to aid in reconciliation in the process of divorce. If the reconciliation step fails, both men and women are guaranteed their right to divorce as established in the Qur’an, but the question lies in what is the procedure for each. When the man initiates a divorce, it is known as talaq. However it is different in the Christianity religion; it says that the ending of the legal union between two married people is called divorce. Throughout most ages and societies forms of divorce have existed. Divorce is an unnatural act. It states in Matthew 19:8-9 ~ 8 Jesus replied, â€Å"Moses permitted you to divorce your wives because your hearts were hard. But it was not this way from the beginning.   I tell you that anyone who divorces his wife, except for sexual immorality, and marries another woman commits adultery.† Also Christians believe in the concept of â€Å"Original Sin† which means that human beings are born as sinners, bearing the burden of the â€Å"Original Sin† of Adam and Eve. Muslims do not believe in the † Original Sin† for 2 main reasons; In the Quran, God forgave Adam for what he has done, and according to the Quran, no  one should be made to bear the burden of someone else’s sin or mistake because it is unfair. A similarity that the Islam religion and Christianity religion have is People should follow the Ten Commandments and the moral teachings of the prophets. Islam, being religion of nature, understands that human beings are born with varying gifts. As they differ in their bodies and their features so they differ in their mental and other capabilities. Islam ensures just and equitable distribution of wealth among the people and, on the other hand, provides social security to the poor and the destitute in the form of basic necessities of life. Besides that, Islam also protects the weak from the economic exploitation by the strong. All there are various aspects and manifestations of what is called Islamic social justice. In Christianity, what then, is social justice in Biblical terms? â€Å"Justice† and â€Å"righteousness† are part of a way of life, which God expects of us as His people (see e.g. Micah 6:8; Ps. 11:7; 1John 3:7). This stems from the kind of character, which we possess, and is in turn the reflection of what God Himself is and how He acts (1John 3:7). Social justice is essentially the outworking of this way of life in our relationships with others. It is not an option that we may accept or avoid at our choice; it is a necessary part of our practical Christian living. Peace is central to these 2 faiths. This is reflected historically in their use of similar greetings meaning â€Å"peace be upon you†: pax vobiscum in Christianity, and salaam alaikum in Islam. Often, however, the greeting of peace has been meant primarily for members of one’s own faith community. Each religion has its own roles and responsibilities, the Islam religion have there responsibilities for husbands and rights of the wife; there are four main rolls for wife’s in marriage, the first is Obeys husband on matters not against Islam, the second is Ensures the conjugal rights of the husbands; this means that With respect to intimacy, a wife may not deny herself to her husband. As this is one of the reasons why Islam legalizes marriage, because in Islam sexual intimacy is only applicable strictly to husband and wife. The third is Protects husband’s honor and property this includes to not receive anyone in his home whom he does not like. In case, she’s entrusted with any funds, she must discharge her duty wisely and thriftily. The fourth is to manage the household and upbringing of children’s welfare. The husband’s roles and responsibility is to provide  mahr (dowry), Serves as protector and the guardian of the wife, and Treats wife with kindness and fairness, which means to never throw vulgarity at the wife. In Christianity besides of the mans role of providing for the family and the women’s role says the ability to properly manage the household it says God created for husband and wife to share in the same goals but have different roles. Together they compliment one another and work together in harmony. A similarity is that Christianity and Islam believe that people should follow the Ten Commandments and the moral teachings of the prophets. When discussing differences between Christian and Islam worship, we should also note that Muslims are very attentive not just to the interior aspects of worship but to the external aspects as well. In this Muslims have much more in common with Eastern Christianity than with Western Christianity, especially Protestantism. Like E astern Christians, Muslims use their whole body in prayer. Both groups, for instance, make prostrations before God in their worship. This research project has helped/shape and strengthens my own views on another faith and my own faith, which is Christianity, I have earned a lot about Islam and I never knew that it could have some similarities to the Christian faith. When it comes to the principals, values and traditions of Christianity that I will pass on to my children and hopefully they can pass it on to theirs to keep the Christian faith going on for more generations.

Globalization and Immigration - 2438 Words

Introduction Nowadays migration is getting to be one of the dominant characteristics of the modern world since at the present moment that movement of people and migration of citizens from one country to another become a norm. Not surprisingly that such unparallel and extremely high level of migration results in substantial demographic, ethnical and socio-cultural changes in many countries of the world. In this respect, it is worthy of mention that such a situation with the migration is the result of the recent trend in the world economy which is characterized by processes which are generally called globalization. The process of globalization is overwhelming and involves practically all countries of the world with rare exceptions which†¦show more content†¦Naturally, it resulted in an extreme specialization of countries that makes their economies one-sided, and consequently more exposed to economic and social crisis. However, globalization developed international contacts and made it possible to cooperate on the global scale. As a result, nowadays, basically due to the high level of development of IT and Internet, specialists physically living in different countries of the world may work on one and the same product. So, it may be said that globalization â€Å"eliminated geographical boundaries between countries† (Gomory 2002:187). As for its effects, they are quite contradictive. The contrast is particularly obvious between well-developed countries and developing ones. In short, its effect may be expressed in one phrase, richer countries become richer, and poor countries become poorer. Though it sounds a bit radical and more precisely, it should be said that globalization makes developing countries more dependant on well-developed and it also makes practically all the countries of the world more submitted to global crisis since their economies are closely interlinked than a crisis in one country would lead to the same effect on economies of other countries that are its economic partners. In this respect, migration seems to be probably the most effective by such a striking contrast that leads to high level of emigration from developing countries and respectively high level ofShow MoreRelatedImmigration And Globalization1734 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction How does immigration impact an individual’s likelihood to identify with a national identity, or a larger global identity? Does immigration, a component of globalization, impact one identity more than another? 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This country was first establish by all the immigrates who came here in hopes of better futures but many have forgotten their roots and how they became a member of this nation. Globalization, which is defined by the Merriam-Webster dictionary as the development of an increasingly global and economy marked by the free trade. The two terms haveRead MoreDoes globalization affect negatively on civilizations? The term globalization means the procedure800 Words   |  4 PagesDoes globalization affect negatively on civilizations? The term globalization means the procedure of connections and incorporations among individuals, organizations and legislatures of diverse countries, a methodology determined by global exchange and speculations, and helped by data innovations. In other words, it is a process of interactions between people, on the basis, that they live in one planet, regardless the limits and spaces separating them. 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Many other countries within t he Union were left to bail out the Greece economy; which in turn, hurt their own economies. The